Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs - B TECH - CSE 2ND YR

The most basic of Maslow’s needs are physiological needs. Physiological needs refer to the need for food, water, and other biological needs. These needs are basic because when they are lacking, the search for them may overpower all other urges. Imagine being very hungry. At that point, all your behavior may be directed at finding food. Once you eat, though, the search for food ceases and the promise of food no longer serves as a motivator. Once physiological needs are satisfied, people tend to become concerned about safety needs. Are they free from the threat of danger, pain, or an uncertain future? On the next level up, social needs refer to the need to bond with other human beings, be loved, and form lasting attachments with others.

The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation.  The satisfaction of social needs makes esteem needs more salient. Esteem need refers to the desire to be respected by one’s peers, feel important, and be appreciated. Finally, at the highest level of the hierarchy, the need for self-actualization refers to “becoming all you are capable of becoming.” This need manifests itself by the desire to acquire new skills, take on new challenges, and behave in a way that will lead to the attainment of one’s life goals.

stages of conflicts

 

STEPS IN MANAGING CONFLICT

 

DEFINITION OF CONFLICT , CAUSE OF CONFLICT EFFECT OF CONFLICT

 what do we mean by "conflict"? The term is widely used to describe important differences between individual humans or groups of humans. In its major sense it applies to warfare between nations. If existing differences are not somehow adequately handled, the involved individuals or groups are unable to come together in understanding and cooperation. However, not all conflict is bad. Differences which result in initiative and creativity are stimulating for those involved, and such conflict is essential for progress.

CAUSE OF CONFLICT 

Nations, organizations, and groups are made up of individual human beings. Each human has through life experiences developed a set of values and evolved a set of behavioral rules. 

These values and rules are sufficiently alike in a given society (more so in a given segment of a society) to allow justice, morals, and ethics to exist and create general agreement about what is right and what is wrong.

But, the value-rule set for each individual is a unique set not fully shared by other humans. These differences in value-rule sets are most likely the basic causes of conflict. 

major conflict cause is the motivation of the separate individuals.Each is motivated by a peculiarly unique degree of satisfactions in a set of needs. It is quite likely that in a given group situation the individuals concerned will be aiming their personal efforts at slightly different objectives; such objectives may be similar enough to permit cooperative effort but sufficiently different to create some conflict.

A third major cause of conflict—and one more obvious to us--the differing idealogic and philosophic bases we possess. These relate to a great extent to the value-rule set but are sufficiently different to warrant recognition as possible conflict causes. What we use as a base for our ideals and our concepts becomes a great importance to us, and we do not want that base challenged or questioned by others.

An example is the old-timer's reluctance to change from a thus-far successful technique even though evidence indicates that a change would be beneficial. When we perceive attack on our ideals from another, we respond with energy and, often, heat. Note the actions of some militant minority groups and you observe idealogic/philosophic conflict reactions at work

Effects Of Conflict 

Conflict has both positive and negative effects. It can be positive when it encourages creativity, new looks at o1d conditions, the clarification of points of view, and the development of human capabilities to handle interpersonal differences. All of us have experienced a surge of creativity when we permit the ideas of others to trigger our imagination, as for example in a brainstorming session. Conflict can be negative when it creates resistance to change, establishes turmoil in organization or interpersonal relations, fosters distrust, builds a feeling of defeat, or widens the chasm of misunderstanding.

ORGANISATIONAL CONFLICTS TYPES AND PHASES

 

TYPES AND PHASE OF CONFLICTS

 DEFINITION OF CONFLICT

Interaction of interdependent people who perceive incompatible goals, aims, and values and who see the other party as potentially interfering with the realization of these goals

 

n  3 “I’s” of Conflict: Interaction, Interdependence, Incompatible goals

Levels of Organizational Conflict

 

Intergroup Conflict: Aggregates of people within an organization (e.g. work teams, departments) as parties in the conflict

n  Interorganizational Conflict: A dispute between two or more organizations

n  ) Latent conflict: the conditions are ripe for conflict because of the three “I’s” (i.e. different personalities)

n  2) Perceived conflict: one or more of the parties believes that incompatibilities and interdependence exist

n  3) Felt conflict: parties begin to formulate strategies about how to deal with the conflict (i.e. should I go to my boss; talk to the other party; avoid)

n  4) Manifest conflict: strategies and goals are enacted in communication (i.e. filed a grievance with HR; confronted the opposing party)

n  5) Conflict aftermath: short- and long-term consequences—what did the conflict do to the relationship?

Factors Influencing Conflict

n  Personal Factors

n  Frames

n  Relational Factors

n  Cultural Factors

Influencing Conflict

n  Personality

n  Gender

n  Personal Factors

n  Frames

n  Perceptions of self

n  Perceptions of other

n  The conflict

n  Relational Factors

n  Trust

n  Power

n  Relationship Salience

n  Cultural Factors

n  Face

n  Individualism-Collectivism

n  Direct – Indirect communication

 

LECTURE PLANN - E BUSINESS 1ST YR MBA 2ND SEM

 

MARKETING MANAGEMENT PREVIOUS YR QUESTION PAPER 1ST YEAR 2ND SEM